This caused the residents in different townships, including Thembisa, to establish civic structures to resist the rent and service charge increases. Therefore, to raise revenue for purposes of developing the townships, the councils increased rent and service charges. ![]() ![]() The government vested limited powers on these councils but without financial muscle. In 1977 the government initiated the Community Councils and in 1982 upgraded them to Town Councils, under the Black Local Authorities Act. It is the second largest township in Gauteng, following Soweto. The township was formed in 1957, under the administration of the Germiston city council which oversaw the forced relocation of black people from locations deemed to be in white areas, such as Dindela, Tikkieline, Phelindaba, and Modderfontein which spanned Edenvale, Modderfontein and Kempton Park. It was established in 1957 when black people were resettled from Alexandra and other areas in Edenvale, Kempton Park, Midrand and Germiston. ![]() Thembisa, formerly Tembisa, is a large township situated to the north of Kempton Park on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa.
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